Abstract
This paper describes four decades of research carried out at the University of Michigan
that has investigated the clinical alteration of the transverse dimension of the face,
with specific attention given to orthodontic and orthopedic treatment of patients
in the early mixed dentition. The results of a series of clinical studies beginning
in the late 1970s are described that consider the etiology of dental crowding as well
as treatment effects produced by expansion in the late mixed/early permanent dentition
and the early mixed dentition. A treatment protocol for early treatment is described
that includes the lower Schwarz appliance, a bonded acrylic splint expander and the
placement of anterior brackets. A series of retrospective and prospective studies
are presented, including a study investigating the spontaneous improvement of Class
II malocclusion following increases in the transverse dimension. The effect of maintaining
or increasing anterior arch length on subsequent mandibular second molar eruption
is evaluated. The ideal timing for rapid maxillary expansion is before puberty. An
individual assessment of the midpalatal suture using cone-beam computed tomography
(CBCT) images can be useful when making a clinical decision between conventional and
surgically assisted RME, especially for adolescent and young adult patients.
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Published online: February 10, 2019
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