« Previous
Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 13, Issue 4
, Pages 292-300
, December 2007
Pain and Discomfort After Orthodontic Appointments
References
- . Fear and anxiety: divergent effects on human pain thresholds. Pain. 2000;84:65–75
- . A radiographic study of dental health in adult patients with dental anxiety. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21:27–30
- . Dental anxiety and dental avoidance among 12 to 18 year olds in Norway. Eur J Oral Sci. 1999;107:422–428
- . Perception of discomfort by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;96:47–53
- . In: Rapid maxilIary expansion. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence; 1981;
- . The effect of continuous bite jumping with the Herbst appliance on the masticatory system: a functional analysis of treated C1 II malocclusions. Eur J Orthod. 1982;4:37–44
- Clinical evaluation of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) in patients treated with chin cup. Angle Orthod. 1998;68:91–94
- . Patient discomfort levels at the time of debonding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:313–317
- . Attitudes to orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod. 1985;12:179–188
- . Non-completion of orthodontic treatment: a study of patient and parental factors contributing to discontinuation in the hospital service and specialist practice. Heath Park: Thesis, University of Wales; 1989;
- . Attitudes and perception of adults towards orthodontic treatment in an Asian community. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21:31–35
- . Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:349–357
- . Traumatic ulcers and pain during orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1989;17:154–157
- . Pain terms: a list with definitions and notes on usage. Pain. 1979;6:249–252
- . Pain in orthodontics. J Orofac Orthop/Fortschr Kieferorthop. 2000;61:125–137
- . Clinical consideration of the periodontium. Am J Orthod. 1972;61:138–155
- . Biochemical aspects of orthodontic tooth movement: cyclic nucleotide and prostaglandin concentrations in tissues surrounding orthodontically treated teeth in vivo. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986;90:139–148
- . Orthodontic pain: from causes to management-a review. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:170–179
- . Pain and other sequelae after surgery—mechanisms and management. In: Andreasen JO, Petersen JK, Laskin DM editor. Textbook and Color Atlas of Tooth ımpactions. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1997;p. 369–437
- . A model of pain and anxiety associated with acute stressors: distress in dental procedures. Behav Res Ther. 1996;34:459–476
- . The Biomechanics of tooth movement. In: Kraus BS, Riedel RA editor. Vistas in orthodontics. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1962;
- Changes in blood circulation in teeth supporting tissues incident to experimental tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 1994;16:361–369
- . Clinical application of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) upon orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1984;85:508–510
- . Substance P immunoreactivity in periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. Bone Miner. 1990;11:19–29
- Responses of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunopositive nerve fibers in the periodontal ligament of rat molars to experimental tooth movement. Arch Oral Biol. 1991;36:689–692
- . Neural modulation of inflammatory reactions in dental tissues incident to orthodontic tooth movement—a review of the literature. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21:231–247
- . Expression of neuropeptides (CGRP, substance P) during and after orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. Eur J Orthod. 1995;17:311–325
- . Neurotransmitters, cytokines and the control of alveolar bone remodeling in orthodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 1988;32:411–435
- . Tooth movement. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1991;2:411–450
- . Pain Discomfort and crevicular fluid changes induced by orthodontic elastic separators in children. J Pain. 2006;7:367–376
- . Bell’s Orofacial Pain. 5th ed.. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence Publishing Co; 1995;
- . Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science. 1965;150:971–979
- . Psychological control of acute pain in medical settings. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1986;1:9–20
- . Sensory and affective predictors of overall pain and emotions associated with affective pain. Clin J Pain. 1994;10:3–9
- . Facial pain, depression and stress: connections and directions. J Oral Pathol Med. 2002;31:615–619
- . Psychosomatic aspects of facial pain. In: Alling CC, Mahan PE editor. Facial Pain. Philadelphia: Lea & Febinger; 1977;p. 213–226
- . Generalized expectancies for internal vs. external control of reinforcement. Psychol Monogr. 1966;80:1–28
- Sex differences in the perception of noxious experimental stimuli: a meta-analysis. Pain. 1998;74:181–187
- . Pain and discomfort experienced after placement of a conventional or a superelastic NiTi aligning archwire. J Orofac Orthop/Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1998;59:331–339
- . The pain and discomfort experienced during orthodontic treatment (A randomised controlled clinical trial of two initial aligning arch wires). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;102:373–381
- Prospective randomised clinical trial comparing the effects of a masticatory bite wafer and avoidance of hard food on pain associated with initial orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:6.e9–6.e15
- . Perception of pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26:79–85
- . Initial tooth movement: force application and pain—a relationship. Am J Orthod. 1985;88:111–116
- . The pain experience and psychological adjustment to orthodontic treatment of pre-adolescents, adolescents and adults. Am J Orthod. 1991;100:49–56
- . An investigation into the initial discomfort caused by placement of an archwire. Eur J Orthod. 1984;6:48–54
- . Forces in orthodontics and its relation to tooth movement. Aust J Dent. 1952;56:11–18
- . A clinical evaluation of the differential force concept as applied to the edgewise bracket. Am J Orthod. 1980;78:25–40
- . Separation effect and perception of pain and discomfort from two types of orthodontic separators. World J Orthod. 2004;5:172–176
- . Time course of the discomfort in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Pediatr Dent. 1989;11:107–110
- An evaluation of postoperative ibuprofen treatment of pain associated with orthodontic separator placement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:629–635
- The effect of preemptive and/or postoperative ibuprofen therapy for orthodontic pain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:20–27
- . Pain control during fixed orthodontic therapy. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:210–215
- . Experience of pain during an orthodontic procedure. Eur J Oral Sci. 2002;110:92–98
- . A pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment causative factors and effect on compliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114:684–691
- . Appliance wear, the patient’s point of view. Eur J Orthod. 1997;19:377–382
- Biomechanics of craniofacial sutures—orthopedic implications. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:128–135
- . Nonsurgical rapid maxillary alveolar expansion in adults: a clinical evaluation. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:291–305
- Reports of pain by children undergoing rapid palatal expansion. Pediatr Dent. 2000;22:221–226
- . Frequency of and complications in the use of RPE appliances—results of a survey in the Federal State of Hesse, Germany. J Orofac Orthop. 2005;66:148–161
- . Headgear and pain. J Clin Orthod. 1994;28:525–530
- Masticatory muscle pain before, during and after treatment with orthopedic protraction headgear: a pilot study. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:433–438
- . Factors associated with orthodontic patient compliance with intra oral elastics and headgear wear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:336–348
- . Pain free debonding with occlusal rim wax. J Clin Orthod. 1994;28:587–588
- . The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain. 1986;27:117–126
- . A clinical investigation of the efficacy of low level laser therapy in reducing orthodontic postadjustment pain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:614–622
- . Neurophysiology of pain. Dent Clin North Am. 1968;22:11–30
- An evaluation of length and end-phrase of visual analogue scales in dental pain. Pain. 1985;21:177–185
- Simmons KE: 1994 Pain research in orthodontics. Med Electronics. accessed through website: http://www.iotech.com/orthod.html. Accessed October 20, 2006.
- . Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for controlling pain associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986;90:132–138
- . Transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation for pain control. J Clin Orthod. 1994;28:670–671
- . Vibratory stimulation as a method of reducing pain after orthodontic appliance adjustment. J Clin Orthod. 2003;37:205–208
- . Contemporary orthodontics. St Louis: Mosby; 1992;
- Effectiveness of thera bite wafers in reducing postorthodontic pain. J Clin Orthod. 1994;28:291–292
- . Pain and cooperation in orthodontic treatment. J Clin Orthod. 1984;18:572–575
- . Control of orthodontic pain. J Ind Dent Assoc. 1992;71:8–10
- . Pharmacological support during orthodontic therapy with a topical anti-inflammatory. Minerva Stomatol. 1993;42:271–274
- . The effect of ibuprofen on the level of discomfort in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;106:88–95
- . NSAID impairment of tooth movement. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:113–115
- The effect of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and misoprostol on prostaglandin E2 synthesis and the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 1996;66:339–350
- . Postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication for the prevention of postoperative dental pain. J Am Dent Assoc. 1989;119:641–647
- . Effects of preoperative ibuprofen and naproxen sodium on orthodontic pain. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:662–667
- Evaluation of Preemptive valdecoxib therapy on initial archwire placement discomfort in adults. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:251–259
- Hotline update: Safety Issues Related to NSAIDs and COX-2 Inhibitors. From website of American college of Rheumatology: http://www.rheumatology.org/publications/hotline/0402cox2.asp. Accessed October 20, 2006.
PII: S1073-8746(07)00049-7
doi: 10.1053/j.sodo.2007.08.010
© 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 13, Issue 4
, Pages 292-300
, December 2007
