Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 13, Issue 2 , Pages 104-115 , June 2007

Dentofacial Aesthetics and Quality of Life

  • Ulrich Klages

      Affiliations

    • Lecturer and Clinical Psychologist, School of Dentistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
  • ,
  • Andrej Zentner

      Affiliations

    • Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Andrej Zentner, BDS, PhD, Dr habil, FDSRCS, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Louwesweg 1, 1066 Amsterdam EA, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 (0)20 5188 524

References 

  1. Albino JE, Alley TR, Tedesco LA, et al. Esthetic issues in behavioural dentistry. Ann Behav Med. 1990;12:148–155
  2. Giddon DB. Orthodontic applications of psychological and perceptual studies of facial aesthetics. Semin Orthod. 1995;1:82–93
  3. Nevin JB, Keim R. Social psychology of facial appearance. In:  Nanda R editors. Biomechanics and Esthetic Strategies in Clinical Orthodontics. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2005;p. 94–109
  4. Dion KK, Berscheid E, Walster E. What is beautiful is good. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1972;24:285–290
  5. Taylor SE, Peplau LA, Sears DO. Social Psychology. 10th rev. ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 2000;
  6. Ashmore RD, Del Boca FK. Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory: toward a cognitive-social psychological conceptualisation. Sex Roles. 1979;5:219–248
  7. Rosenberg S, Nelson C, Vivekanatan PS. A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1968;9:283–294
  8. Eagly AH, Ashmore RD, Makhijani MG, et al. What is beautiful is good, but…: a meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychol Bull. 1991;110:109–128
  9. Dermer M, Thiel DL. When beauty may fail. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1975;31:1168–1176
  10. Mattic CR, Gordon PH, Gillgrass TJ. Smile aesthetics and malocclusion in UK teenage magazines using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). J Orthod. 2004;31:17–19
  11. Sergl HG, Schmidt H. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur ästhetischen Wirkung charakteristischer Anomalien der Frontzahnstellung. Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1973;34:359–369
  12. Sergl HG, Stodt W. Experimental investigation of the aesthetic effect of various tooth positions after loss of an incisor tooth. Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1970;497–507
  13. Shaw WC. The influence of children’s dentofacial appearance on their social attractiveness as judged by peers and lay adults. Am J Orthod. 1981;79:399–415
  14. Shaw WC, Humphreys S. Influence of children’s dentofacial appearance on teacher expectations. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1982;10:313–319
  15. Shaw WC, Rees G, Charles CR. The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults. Am J Orthod. 1985;87:21–26
  16. Kerosuo H, Hausen H, Laine T, Shaw WC. The influence of incisal malocclusion on the social attractiveness of young adults in Finland. Eur J Orthod. 1995;17:505–512
  17. Feingold A. Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychol Bull. 1992;111:304–341
  18. Viken RJ, Treat TA, Bloom SL, McFall RM. Illusory correlation for body type and happiness: co variation bias and its relation to eating disorder symptoms. Int J Eat Disord. 2005;38:65–72
  19. Gabriel MT, Critelli JW, Ee JS. Narcissistic illusions in self-evaluations of intelligence and attractiveness. J Person. 1994;62:143–155
  20. Espeland LV, Ivarsson K, Stenvik A, et al. Perception of malocclusion in 11-year-old children: a comparison between personal and parental awareness. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:350–358
  21. Pietilä T, Pietilä I. Dental appearance and orthodontic services assessed by 15-16-year-old adolescents in Eastern Finland. Community Dent Health. 1996;13:139–144
  22. Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11:309–320
  23. Grzywacz I. The value of the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need in the assessment of subjective orthodontic treatment need. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25:57–63
  24. Espeland LV, Stenvik A. Perception of dental appearance in young adults: relationship between occlusion, awareness, and satisfaction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:234–241
  25. Salonen L, Mohlin B, Helldàn L. Need and demand for orthodontic treatment in an adult Swedish population. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:359–368
  26. Kerosuo H, Kerosuo E, Niemi M, Simola H. The need for treatment and satisfaction with dental appearance among young Finnish adults with and without a history of orthodontic treatment. J Orofacial Orthop. 2000;61:330–340
  27. Snyder M, Tanke ED, Berscheid E. Social perception and interpersonal behaviour: on the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1977;35:656–666
  28. Shaw WC, Meek SC, Jones DS. Nicknames, teasing, harassment and the salience of dental features among school children. Br J Orthod. 1980;7:75–80
  29. Helm S, Kreiborg S, Solow B. Psychosocial implications of malocclusion: a 15-year follow-up study in 30-year-old Danes. Am J Orthod. 1985;87:110–118
  30. Kilpeläinen PVJ, Tulloch FC. Anterior tooth position and motivation for early treatment. Angle Orthod. 1993;63:171–174
  31. Mandall NA, Wright J, Conboy FM, et al. The relationship between normative treatment need and measurement of consumer perception. Community Dent Health. 2001;18:3–6
  32. de Oliveira CM, Sheiham A. The relationship between normative treatment need and oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;31:426–436
  33. Adulyanon S, Vourapukjaru J, Sheiham A. Oral impacts affecting daily performance in a low disease Thai population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996;24:285–289
  34. Slade GD. Derivation and validation of a short-form oral health impact profile. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1997;25:284–290
  35. Jokovic A, Locker D, Stephens M, et al. Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to measure child oral health-related quality of life. J Dent Res. 2002;81:459–463
  36. Kok YV, Mageson P, Harradine NWT, et al. Comparing a quality of life measure and the Aesthetics Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in assessing orthodontic treatment need and concern. J Orthod. 2004;31:312–318
  37. Seiffge-Krenke I. Adolescents’ health: a developmental perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 1998;
  38. Klages U, Claus N, Wehrbein H, Zentner A. Development of a questionnaire assessing psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:103–111
  39. Cunningham SJ, Garrat AM, Hunt NP. Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I (Reliability of the instrument). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28:195–201
  40. Cunningham SJ, Hunt NP. Quality of life and its importance in orthodontics. J Orthod. 2001;28:152–158
  41. Cons NC, Jenny J, Kohout FJ. The Dental Aesthetic Index. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa; 1986;
  42. Jenny J, Cons NC. Comparing and contrasting two orthodontic indices, the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Dental Aesthetic Index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:410–416
  43. Duval S, Wicklund RA. A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press; 1972;
  44. Carver CS, Scheier MF. Attention and self regulation: a control theory approach to human behaviour. New York: Springer; 1981;
  45. McDonald PJ, Eilenfield VC. Physical attractiveness and the approach/avoidance of self-awareness. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1980;6:391–395
  46. Fenigstein A, Scheier MF, Buss AH. Public and private self-consciousness: assessment and theory. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1975;43:522–527
  47. Turner RG, Gilliland LN, Klein HM. Self-consciousness, evaluation of physical characteristics and physical attractiveness. J Res Pers. 1981;15:182–190
  48. Riggio RE. Assessment of basic social skills. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:649–660
  49. Toby EL, Tunnell G. Predicting our impressions on others: affects of public self-consciousness and acting, a self-monitoring subscale. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1981;7:661–669
  50. Cash TF, Cash DW, Butters JW. “Mirror, mirror, on the wall…?”: contrast effects and self-evaluations of physical attractiveness. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1983;9:451–458
  51. Miller LC, Cox CL. For appearance sake: public self-consciousness and makeup use. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1982;8:748–751
  52. Buss AH. Self consciousness and appearance. In:  Graham JA,  Kligman AM editor. The Psychology of Cosmetic Treatment. New York: Praeger; 1985;p. 125–130
  53. Klages U, Bruckner A, Zentner A. Dental aesthetics, self-awareness, and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26:507–514
  54. Cohen RJ, Swerdlik ME. Psychological testing and assessment. 5th rev. ed. Boston: McGraw Hill; 2001;
  55. Garcia SD. Appearance anxiety, health practices, metaperspectives and self-perception of physical attractiveness. J Soc Behav Pers. 1998;13:307–318
  56. Kowalski NP, Crocker PRE, Kowalski KC. Physical self and physical activity relationships in college women: does social physique anxiety moderate effects?. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2001;72:55–62
  57. Crocker P, Sabiston C, Forrestor S, et al. Predicting change in physical activity, dietary restraint, and physique anxiety in adolescent girls. Can J Public Health. 2003;94:332–337
  58. Harter S. The determinants and mediational role of global self-worth in children. In:  Eisenberg N editors. Contemporary topics on developmental psychology. New York: Wiley; 1987;p. 219–242
  59. Ebbeck V, Watkins PL, Levy SS. The self-conceptions and health behaviours of larger women: examining the mediating role of affect. Women Sports Phys Activ J. 2004;13:27–38
  60. Smith AL. Perceptions of peer relationships and physical activity in early adolescents. J Sports Exerc Psychol. 1999;21:329–350
  61. Weiner B, Frieze I, Kukla A, et al. Perceiving the causes of success and failure. Morristown: General Learning Press; 1971;
  62. Tedesco LA, Keffer MA, Fleck-Kandath C. Self-efficacy, reasoned action, and oral health behaviour reports: a social cognitive approach to compliance. J Behav Med. 1991;14:341–355
  63. McCaul KD, Glasgow RE, Gustafson C. Predicting levels of preventive dental behaviours. J Am Dent Assoc. 1985;111:601–605
  64. Locker D, Jocovic A. Using subjective oral health status indicators screening for dental care needs in older adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996;24:399–402
  65. Klages U, Bruckner A, Guld Y, Zentner A. Dental aesthetics, orthodontic treatment and oral health attitudes in young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:442–449
  66. Quigley GA, Hein JW. Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing. J Am Dent Assoc. 1962;65:26–29
  67. Tung AW, Kiyak HA. Psychological influences on timing of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:29–39
  68. Bennet ME, Michaels C, O’Brian K, et al. Measuring beliefs about orthodontic treatment: a questionnaire approach. J Public Health Dent. 1997;57:215–223
  69. Gosney MBE. An investigation into some of the factors influencing the desire for orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod. 1986;13:87–94
  70. Bos A, Hoogstraten J, Prahl-Andersen B. Expectations of treatment and satisfaction with dentofacial appearance in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:127–132
  71. Birkeland K, Boe OE, Wisth PJ. Subjective evaluation of dental and psychological results after orthodontic treatment. J Orofacial Orthop. 1997;58:44–61
  72. Jerrold J. Litigation, legislation, and ethics: defending claims for lack of informed consent. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:391–393
  73. Dion KL, Dion KK, Keelan JP. Appearance anxiety as a dimension of social-evaluative anxiety: exploring the ugly duckling syndrome. Contemp Soc Psychol. 1990;14:220–224
  74. Keelan JP, Dion KK, Dion KL. Correlates of appearance anxiety in late adolescence and early adulthood among young women. J Adolesc. 1992;15:193–205
  75. Phillips KA. Body image and body dysmorphic disorder. In:  Cash TF,  Pruzinsky T editor. Body image: a handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice. New York: Guilford; 2002;p. 312–321
  76. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th rev. ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  77. Cash TF, Strachan MD. Cognitive-behavioural approaches to changing body image. In:  Cash TF,  Pruzinsky T editor. Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research and Clinical Practice. New York: Guilford; 2002;p. 478–486

PII: S1073-8746(07)00013-8

doi: 10.1053/j.sodo.2007.03.006

Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 13, Issue 2 , Pages 104-115 , June 2007