Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 25-33 , March 2006

The Role of the Headgear in Growth Modification

  • Ram S. Nanda

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Ram S. Nanda, DDS, MS, PhD, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, PO Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190. Phone: 405-271-6087; Fax: 405-271-1128
  • ,
  • Tarisai C. Dandajena

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK

References 

  1. Kingsley NW . Treatise on Oral Deformities . New York: Appleton; 1880;
  2. Angle EH . Treatment of Malocclusion of the Teeth . Philadelphia: SS White Dental Manufacturing; 1907;
  3. Pacini AJ . Roentgen ray anthropometry of the skull . J Radiol . 1922;3:230–238
  4. Broadbent BH . A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia . Angle Orthod . 1931;1:45–60
  5. Oppenheim A . Biologic orthodontic therapy and reality . Angle Orthod . 1936;6:69–79
  6. Kloehn SJ . Orthodontics—force or persuasion . Angle Orthod . 1953;23:56–66
  7. Enlow DH , Hans MG . Essentials of facial growth . Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1996;
  8. Tanne K , Matsubara S , Sakuda M . Stress distribution in the maxillary complex from orthopedic headgear forces . Angle Orthod . 1993;63:111–118
  9. Adam CD , Meikle MC , Norwick KW , Turpin DL . Dentofacial remodeling produced by intermaxillary forces on Macaca mulatta . Arch Oral Biol . 1972;17:1519–1535
  10. Droschl H . The effect of heavy orthopedic forces on the maxilla in the growing Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey) . Am J Orthod . 1973;63:449–461
  11. Kirjavainen M , Kirjavainen T , Hurmerinta K , Haavikko K . Orthopedic cervical headgear with an expanded inner bow in class II correction . Angle Orthod . 2000;70:317–325
  12. Kopecky GR , Fishman LS . Timing of cervical headgear treatment based on skeletal maturation . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1993;104:162–169
  13. Gianelly AA , Valentini V . The role of “orthopedics” and orthodontics in the treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusions . Am J Orthod . 1976;69:668–678
  14. Mitchell DL , Kinder FD . A comparison of 2 torquing techniques on the maxillary central incisors . Am J Orthod . 1973;63:407–413
  15. Gianelly AA . In: Bidimensional Technique (Theory and Practice) . Central Islip, NY: GAC International; 2000;p. 256
  16. Nanda SK . Growth patterns in subjects with long and short faces . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1990;98:247–258
  17. Nanda RS , Merrill RM . Cephalometric assessment of sagittal relationship between maxilla and mandible . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1994;105:328–344
  18. Hubbard GW . A cephalometric evaluation of non-extraction cervical headgear treatment in Class II malocclusion [thesis] . Oklahoma City: Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma; 1992;
  19. Hubbard GW , Nanda RS , Currier GF . A cephalometric evaluation of non-extraction cervical headgear treatment in Class II malocclusion . Angle Orthod . 1994;60:359–370
  20. Cangialosi TJ , Meistrel ME , Leung MA , Ko JY . A cephalometric appraisal of edgewise Class II nonextraction treatment with extraoral force . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1988;93:315–324
  21. Klein PL . An evaluation of cervical traction on the maxilla and the upper first permanent molar . Angle Orthod . 1957;27:61–68
  22. Wieslander L . The effect of force on craniofacial development . Am J Orthod . 1974;65:531–538
  23. Armstrong MM . Controlling the magnitude, direction and duration of extraoral force . Am J Orthod . 1971;59:217–243
  24. Contasti GI , Legan HL . Biomechanical guidelines for headgear application . J Clin Orthod . 1982;16:308–312
  25. Lima-Filho RMA , Lima LA , Ruellas O . Longitudinal study of anteroposterior and vertical maxillary changes in skeletal Class II patients treated with Kloehn cervical headgear . Angle Orthod . 2003;73:187–193
  26. Ucem TT , Yuksel S . Effects of different vectors of forces applied by combined headgear . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1998;113:316–323
  27. Poulton DR . The influence of extraoral traction . Am J Orthod . 1967;53:8–18
  28. Nanda SK . Patterns of vertical growth in the face . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1988;93:103–116
  29. Villalobos FJ , Sinha PK , Nanda RS . Longitudinal assessment of vertical and sagittal control in the mandibular arch by the mandibular fixed lingual arch . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2000;118:366–370
  30. Gianelly AA . Rapid palatal expansion in the absence of crossbites (added value?) . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2003;124:362–365
  31. Kirjavainen M , Kirjavainen T . Maxillary expansion in Class II correction with orthopedic cervical headgear. A posteroanterior cephalometric study . Angle Orthod . 2003;73:281–285
  32. Kirjavainen M , Kirjavainen T , Haavikko K . Changes in dental arch dimensions by use of an orthopedic cervical headgear in Class II correction . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1997;111:59–66
  33. Mantysaari R , Kantomaa T , Pirttiniemi P , Pykalainen A . The effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology (a report of a 2 year randomized study) . Eur J Orthod . 2004;26:59–64
  34. Ghafari J , Shofer FS , Jacobsson-Hunt U , et al.   Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion (a randomized clinical trial) . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1998;113:51–61
  35. Ferro F , Monsurro A , Perillo L . Sagittal and vertical changes after treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion according to the Cetlin method . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2000;118:150–158
  36. Cook AH , Sellke TA , BeGole EA . Control of the vertical dimension in Class II correction using cervical headgear and lower utility arch in growing patients. Part I . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1994;106:376–388
  37. Arya BS , Savara BS , Thomas DR . Prediction of first molar occlusion . Am J Orthod . 1973;63:610–621
  38. Kim YE , Nanda RS , Sinha PK . Transition of molar relationships in different skeletal growth patterns . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2002;121:280–290
  39. King EW . Cervical anchorage in Class II, Division 1 treatment, a cephalometric appraisal . Angle Orthod . 1957;27:98–104
  40. Kloehn SJ . At what age should treatment be started? . Am J Orthod . 1955;41:262–278
  41. Wheeler TT , McGorray SP , Dolce C , et al.   Effectiveness of early treatment of Class II malocclusion . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2002;121:9–17
  42. Wieslander L . Early or late cervical traction therapy of Class II malocclusion in the mixed dentition . Am J Orthod . 1975;67:432–439
  43. Grave KC , Brown T . Skeletal ossification and the adolescent growth spurt . Am J Orthod . 1976;69:611–669
  44. Nanda RS . Growth changes in skeletal-facial profile and their significance in orthodontic diagnosis . Am J Orthod . 1971;59:501–513
  45. Nanda RS . The rates of growth of several facial components measured from serial cephalometric roentgenograms . Am J Orthod . 1955;41:658–673
  46. Björk A . Sutural growth of the upper face studied by the implant method . Acta Orthop Scand . 1966;24:109–127
  47. Fishman LS . Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation, a clinically oriented study based on hand-wrist films . Angle Orthod . 1982;52:88–112
  48. Wieslander L , Buck DL . Physiologic recovery after cervical traction treatment . Am J Orthod . 1974;66:295–301
  49. Melsen B . Effects of cervical anchorage during and after treatment (an implant study) . Am J Orthod . 1978;73:526–540
  50. Melsen B , Dalstra M . Distal molar movement with Kloehn headgear (is it stable?) . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2003;123:374–378
  51. Wieslander L . Long-term effect of treatment with the headgear-Herbst appliance in the early mixed dentition . Stability or relapse? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1993;104:319–329
  52. Keeling SD , Wheeler TT , King GJ , et al.   Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1998;113:40–50
  53. Wilson MD . Vertical control of maxillary molar position with a palatal appliance [thesis] . Oklahoma City: Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma; 1996;
  54. DeBerardinis M , Stretesky T , Sinha PK , Nanda RS . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2000;117:700–705

PII: S1073-8746(05)00069-1

doi: 10.1053/j.sodo.2005.10.006

Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 25-33 , March 2006