Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 227-233 , December 2005

Role of Adult Stem Cells in Craniofacial Growth and Repair

  • Guoqiang Guan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX.
  • ,
  • Songtao Shi

      Affiliations

    • Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
  • ,
  • Phillip R. Kramer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Phillip R. Kramer, PhD, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246; Phone: 214-828-8162; Fax: 214-828-8951

References 

  1. Gardner RL , Brook FA . Reflections on the biology of embryonic stem (ES) cells . Int J Dev Biol . 1997;41:235–243
  2. Spangrude GJ . When is a stem cell really a stem cell? . Bone Marrow Transplant . 2003;32(Suppl 1):S7–S11
  3. Presnell SC , Petersen B , Heidaran M . Stem cells in adult tissues . Semin Cell Dev Biol . 2002;13:369–376
  4. Weissman IL . Translating stem and progenitor cell biology to the clinic (barriers and opportunities) . Science . 2000;287:1442–1446
  5. Verfaillie CM . Adult stem cells (assessing the case for pluripotency) . Trends Cell Biol . 2002;12:502–508
  6. Oakes BW . Orthopaedic tissue engineering (from laboratory to the clinic) . Med J Aust . 2004;180:S35–S38
  7. Mezey E , Chandross KJ , Harta G , et al.   Turning blood into brain (cells bearing neuronal antigens generated in vivo from bone marrow) . Science . 2000;290:1779–1782
  8. Krause DS , Theise ND , Collector MI . Multi-organ multi-lineage engraftment by a single bone marrow-derived stem cell . Cell . 2001;105:369–377
  9. Seale P , Asakura A , Rudnicki MA . The potential of muscle stem cells . Dev Cell . 2001;1:333–342
  10. Hierlihy AM , Seale P , Lobe CG , et al.   The post-natal heart contains a myocardial stem cell population . FEBS Lett . 2002;530:239–243
  11. Jiang Y , Vaessen B , Lenvik T , et al.   Multipotent progenitor cells can be isolated from postnatal murine bone marrow muscle and brain . Exp Hematol . 2002;30:896–904
  12. Polesskaya A , Seale P , Rudnicki MA . Wnt signaling induces the myogenic specification of resident CD45+ adult stem cells during muscle regeneration . Cell . 2003;113:841–852
  13. Sinanan AC , Hunt NP , Lewis MP . Human adult craniofacial muscle-derived cells - CD56/NCAM expressing cells appear to contain multipotential stem cells . Biotechnol Appl Biochem . 2004;40:25–34
  14. Tuan R . Boning up on telomerase . Nat Biotechnol . 2002;20:560–561
  15. Bhattacharyya A , Svendsen CN . Human neural stem cells (a new tool for studying cortical development in Down’s syndrome) . Genes Brain Behav . 2003;2:179–186
  16. Dominici M , Pritchard C , Garlits JE , et al.   Hematopoietic cells and osteoblasts are derived from a common marrow progenitor after bone marrow transplantation . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2004;101:11761–11766
  17. Jiang Y , Jahagirdar BN , Reinhardt RL , et al.   Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow . Nature . 2002;418:41–49
  18. Labat ML . Stem cells and the promise of eternal youth (embryonic versus adult stem cells) . Biomed Pharmacother . 2001;55:179–185
  19. Markakis EA , Palmer TD , Randolph-Moore L , et al.   Novel neuronal phenotypes from neural progenitor cells . J Neurosci . 2004;24:2886–2897
  20. Cowan CM , Shi YY , Aalami OO , et al.   Adipose-derived adult stromal cells heal critical-size mouse calvarial defects . Nat Biotechnol . 2004;22:560–567
  21. Gronthos S , Mankani M , Brahim J , et al.   Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2000;97:13625–13630
  22. Gronthos S , Brahim J , Li W , et al.   Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells . J Dent Res . 2002;81:531–535
  23. Miura M , Gronthos S , Zhao M , et al.   SHED (Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth) . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2003;100:5807–5812
  24. Seo BM , Miura M , Gronthos S , et al.   Investigation of multipotent postnatal stem cells from human periodontal ligament . Lancet . 2004;364:149–155
  25. Reyes M , Lund T , Lenvik T , et al.   Purification and ex vivo expansion of postnatal human marrow mesodermal progenitor cells . Blood . 2001;98:2615–2625
  26. Qi H , Aguiar DJ , Williams SM , et al.   Identification of genes responsible for osteoblast differentiation from human mesodermal progenitor cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2003;100:3305–3310
  27. Herzog EL , Chai L , Krause DS . Plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells . Blood . 2003;102:3483–3493
  28. Hinton RJ, Carlson DS: Regulation of growth in mandibular condylar cartilage. Semin Orthod (In press)
  29. Tsumaki N , Tanaka K , Arikawa-Hirasawa E , et al.   Role of CDMP-1 in skeletal morphogenesis (promotion of mesenchymal cell recruitment and chondrocyte differentiation) . J Cell Biol . 1999;144:161–173
  30. Opperman LA . Cranial sutures as intramembranous bone growth sites . Dev Dyn . 2000;219:472–485
  31. Johnson D , Iseki S , Wilkie AO . Expression patterns of Twist and Fgfr1-2 and -3 in the developing mouse coronal suture suggest a key role for twist in suture initiation and biogenesis . Mech Dev . 2000;91:341–345
  32. Schumacher GH . Principles of skeletal growth . In:  Dixon AD ,  Hoyte AN ,  Ronning O editor. Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth . Boca Raton, New York: CRC Press; 1997;p. 1–21
  33. Carlson DS . Growth of the temporomandibular joint . In:  Zarb GA ,  Carlsson GE ,  Sessle B ,  Mohl ND editor. Temporomandibular Joint . 2nd ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1994;p. 128–158
  34. Fuentes MA , Opperman LA , Bellinger LL , et al.   Regulation of cell proliferation in rat mandibular condylar cartilage in explant culture by insulin-like growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-2 . Arch Oral Biol . 2002;47:643–654
  35. Carlson DS . Biological rationale for early treatment of dentofacial deformities . Am J Orthodont Dentofac Orthop . 2002;121:554–558
  36. Roberts WE , Huja S , Roberts JA . Bone modeling (Biomechanics molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives) . Semin Orthod . 2004;10:123–161
  37. Hinton RJ , Carlson DS . Histological changes in the articular eminence and mandibular fossa during the growth of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) . Am J Anat . 1983;166:99–116
  38. Rabie AB , Wong L , Hagg U . Correlation of replicating cells and osteogenesis in the glenoid fossa during stepwise advancement . Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop . 2003;123:521–526
  39. Rabie AB , She TT , Hagg U . Functional appliance therapy accelerates and enhances condylar growth . Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop . 2003;123:40–48
  40. St Jacques B , Hammerschmidt M , McMahon AP . Indian hedgehog signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for bone formation . Genes Dev . 1999;13:2072–2086
  41. Wei X , Messner K . Maturation-dependent durability of spontaneous cartilage repair in rabbit knee joint . J Biomed Mater Res . 1999;46:539–548
  42. Heino TJ , Hentunen TA , Vaananen HK . Conditioned medium from osteocytes stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts . Exp Cell Res . 2004;294:458–468
  43. Carlson DS . Growth modification: from molecules to mandibles. Growth Modification: What Works What Doesn’t and Why . Craniofac Growth Ser . 1999;35:17–65
  44. Sperber GH . Craniofacial Embryogenesis: Normal Developmental Mechanisms in Understanding Craniofacial Anormalies: Etio pathogenesis of Craniosynostoses and Facial Clefting . New York: Wiley-Liss; 2002;
  45. Massague J , Blain SW , Lo RS . TGFbeta signaling in growth control cancer and heritable disorders . Cell . 2000;103:295–309
  46. Adab K , Sayne JR , Carlson DS , et al.   Tgf-beta1 Tgf-beta2 Tgf-beta3 and Msx2 expression is elevated during frontonasal suture morphogenesis and during active postnatal facial growth . Orthod Craniofac Res . 2002;5:227–237
  47. Jonk LJ , Itoh S , Heldin CH , et al.   Identification and functional characterization of a Smad binding element (SBE) in the JunB promoter that acts as a transforming growth factor-beta activin and bone morphogenetic protein-inducible enhancer . J Biol Chem . 1998;273:21145–21152
  48. Yagi K , Furuhashi M , Aoki H , et al.   c-myc is a downstream target of the Smad pathway . J Biol Chem . 2002;277:854–861
  49. Warner DR , Pisano MM , Roberts EA , et al.   Identification of three novel Smad binding proteins involved in cell polarity . FEBS Lett . 2003;539:167–173
  50. Arends NJ , Boonstra VH , Mulder PG , et al.   Treatment and its effect on bone mineral density bone maturation and growth in short children born small for gestational age (3-year results of a randomized controlled GH trial) . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2003;59:779–787
  51. Ohlsson C , Jansson JO , Isaksson O . Effects of growth hormone and insulinlike growth factor-I on body growth and adult bone metabolism . Curr Opin Rheumatol . 2000;12:346–348
  52. Haase HR , Ivanovski S , Waters MJ , et al.   Growth hormone regulates osteogenic marker mRNA expression in human periodontal fibroblasts and alveolar bone-derived cells . J Periodontal Res . 2003;38:366–374
  53. Narayanan K , Srinivas R , Ramachandran A , et al.   Differentiation of embryonic mesenchymal cells to odontoblast-like cells by overexpression of dentin matrix protein 1 . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2001;98:4516–4521
  54. Wise GE , Frazier-Bowers S , D’Souza RN . Cellular molecular and genetic determinants of tooth eruption . Crit Rev Oral Biol Med . 2002;13:323–334
  55. Shiotani A , Shibasaki Y , Sasaki T . Localization of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand RANKL in periodontal tissues during experimental movement of rat molars . J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) . 2001;50:365–369
  56. Von den Hoff JW . Effects of mechanical tension on matrix degradation by human periodontal ligament cells cultured in collagen gels . J Periodontal Res . 2003;38:449–457
  57. Sandy JR , Farndale RW , Meikle MC . Recent advances in understanding mechanically induced bone remodeling and their relevance to orthodontic theory and practice . Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop . 1993;103:212–222
  58. Tae KC , Gong SG , Min SK . Use of distraction osteogenesis in cleft palate patients . Angle Orthod . 2003;73:602–607
  59. Stricker A , Schramm A , Marukawa E . Distraction osteogenesis and tissue engineering–new options for enhancing the implant site . Int J Periodon Restor Dent . 2003;23:297–302
  60. De Kok IJ , Peter SJ , Archambault M , et al.   Investigation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell-based alveolar bone formation (preliminary findings) . Clin Oral Implants Res . 2003;14:481–489
  61. Chai Y , Slavkin HC . Prospects for tooth regeneration in the 21st century (a perspective) . Microsc Res Tech . 2003;60:469–479
  62. Mattheeuws N , Dermaut L , Martens G . Has hypodontia increased in Caucasians during the 20th century? A meta-analysis . Eur J Orthod . 2004;26:99–103
  63. Nunn JH , Carter NE , Gillgrass TJ , et al.   The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia (background and role of paediatric dentistry) . Br Dent J . 2003;194:245–251
  64. Turpin DL . Treatment of missing lateral incisors . Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop . 2004;125:129
  65. Guan G , Yamashiro T , Takeyama A , et al.   Treatment of a Class II malocclusion with one congenitally missing and one malformed lateral incisor in the maxillary dentition . Orthod Waves . 2000;9:215–219
  66. Duailibi MT , Duailibi SE , Young CS , et al.   Bioengineered teeth from cultured rat tooth bud cells . J Dent Res . 2004;83:523–528
  67. Joshipura KJ , Hung HC , Rimm EB . Periodontal disease tooth loss and incidence of ischemic stroke . Stroke . 2003;34:47–52
  68. Young CS , Terada S , Vacanti JP , et al.   Tissue engineering of complex tooth structures on biodegradable polymer scaffolds . J Dent Res . 2002;81:695–700
  69. Ohazama A , Modino SA , Miletich I , et al.   Stem-cell-based tissue engineering of murine teeth . J Dent Res . 2004;83:518–522
  70. Kramer PR , Nares S , Kramer SF , et al.   Mesenchymal stem cells acquire characteristics of cells in the periodontal ligament in vitro . J Dent Res . 2004;83:27–34
  71. Melcher AH . On the repair potential of periodontal tissues . J Periodontol . 1976;47:256–260
  72. King GN , Cochran DL . Factors that modulate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-induced periodontal regeneration (a critical review) . J Periodontol . 2002;73:925–936
  73. McCulloch CA . Progenitor cell populations in the periodontal ligament of mice . Anat Rec . 1985;211:258–262
  74. McCulloch CA , Nemeth E , Lowenberg B , et al.   Paravascular cells in endosteal spaces of alveolar bone contribute to periodontal ligament cell populations . Anat Rec . 1987;219:233–242
  75. Almeida-Porada G , Porada C , Zanjani ED . Adult stem cell plasticity and methods of detection . Rev Clin Exp Hematol . 2001;5:26–41
  76. Kuwabara T , Hsieh J , Nakashima K . A small modulatory dsRNA specifies the fate of adult neural stem cells . Cell . 2004;116:779–793
  77. Kleinman HK , Philp D , Hoffman MP . Role of the extracellular matrix in morphogenesis . Curr Opin Biotechnol . 2003;14:526–532
  78. Gorin NC . Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia . J Natl Cancer Inst . 1986;76:1281–1287
  79. Pereira RF , O’Hara MD , Laptev AV , et al.   Marrow stromal cells as a source of progenitor cells for nonhematopoietic tissues in transgenic mice with a phenotype of osteogenesis imperfecta . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 1998;95:1142–1147
  80. Check E . Cardiologists take heart from stem-cell treatment success . Nature . 2004;428:880
  81. Slavin S . Smarter rather than stronger treatment of haematological malignancies and non-malignant indications for stem-cell transplantation . Lancet . 2004;364:122–124
  82. Lindvall O , Kokaia Z , Martinez-Serrano A . Stem cell therapy for human neurodegenerative disorders-how to make it work . Nat Med 1 . 2004;(Suppl):S42–S50
  83. D’Ippolito G , Diabira S , Howard GA , et al.   Marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells a unique population of postnatal young and old human cells with extensive expansion and differentiation potential . J Cell Sci . 2004;117:2971–2981

PII: S1073-8746(05)00044-7

doi: 10.1053/j.sodo.2005.07.007

Seminars in Orthodontics
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 227-233 , December 2005